tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36621869975640675882024-03-16T06:39:25.490+05:30Know The Law Indiaby Kartik GalaKartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10440149159870344466noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-11197722335704131992022-04-14T11:29:00.001+05:302022-04-14T11:29:59.909+05:30Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Quote#14thApril On The Birth Anniversary, Humble Tributes To Architect Of Indian Constitution, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. #AmbedkarJayanti #WorldEqualityDay<div><br><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br><div><br></div></div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-88086045497817637262021-11-13T12:32:00.001+05:302021-11-13T12:32:44.610+05:30Fundamental Rights in India<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br></div><div><div>'Fundamental Rights' are the basic human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India. </div><div><br></div><div>The six fundamental rights include: </div><div><br></div><div>1) The Right to Equality</div><div>(Article 14, 15, 16, 18)</div><div><br></div><div>2) Right to Freedom</div><div>(Article 19, 20, 21, 21A, 22)</div><div><br></div><div>3) Right against Exploitation</div><div>(Article 23, 24)</div><div><br></div><div>4) Right to Freedom of Religion</div><div>(Article 25, 26, 27, 28)</div><div><br></div><div>5) Cultural and Educational Rights.</div><div>(Article 29, 30)</div><div><br></div><div>5) Right to Constitutional Remedies.</div><div>(Article 32)</div><div><br></div><div> The Constitution broadly provides for five kinds of "prerogative" Writs: </div><div><br></div><div>1) Habeas corpus, </div><div>2) Certiorari, </div><div>3) Mandamus, </div><div>4) Quo warranto and </div><div>5) Prohibition.</div><div><br></div><div>Writ in India is the formal order of the court directing the authorities if there is a violation of the Fundamental Rights by a government authority or body. </div><div><br></div><div>You can file a writ petition in the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, whereas you can file the writ petition in High Court under Article 226 of the Indian constitution.</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-51262120761914907442021-05-22T21:00:00.001+05:302022-07-27T13:47:08.573+05:30CrPC Section 133: Power to Remove Public Nuisance<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Section 133 to 143 of CRPC specifically deals with the Removal of any existing Nuisance in the Public place. </div><div><br></div><div>It is one of the most powerful tools in the hands of common public for removal of the danger arising or hanging on their heads, due to such nuisance.</div><div><br></div><div>Lack of awareness about this law & its technicalities have resulted into less utilization of this powerful constitutional method for common benefit.</div><div><br></div><div>Today we shall discuss the basic framework of this law.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>An application can be made under this section to a District Magistrate for the removal of a public nuisance. </div><div><br></div><div>Once application is received from the petitioner, magistrate orders a preliminary inquiry. </div><div><br></div><div>After satisfying himself with the initial material of the case through preliminary inquiry, and if required, after taking evidence on oath, magistrate issues an Order (an Order of Conditional in nature) (also known as Conditional Order) directing the opposite party to either remove such obstruction/nuisance, OR to appear before himself at a time and place to be fixed by the order, and show cause, why the order should not be made absolute (i.e. Conditional order converted into the Final Order asking to remove the nuisance, failing which legal action shall be taken).</div><div><br></div><div>In case opposite party decides to appear before the magistrate, The first question magistrate shall ask him is to whether he denies the existence of any ‘Public Right’ in respect of the place of nuisance, and if he denies so, the Magistrate shall, inquire into the matter. If in such inquiry the Magistrate finds that there is any reliable evidence in support of such denial, he shall stay the proceedings until the matter of the existence of such right has been decided by a competent Court; and, if he finds that there is no such evidence, he shall proceed to give final order. </div><div><br></div><div>A person who has, on being questioned by the Magistrate, failed to deny the existence of a public right of the nature therein referred to, or who, having made such denial, has failed to adduce reliable evidence in support thereof, shall not in the subsequent proceedings be permitted to make any such denial.</div><div><br></div><div>When final order has been made, the Magistrate shall give notice of the same to the person against whom the order was made, and shall further require him to perform the act directed by the order within a time to be fixed in the notice, and inform him that, in case of disobedience, he will be liable to the penalty provided by section 188 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860). </div><div><br></div><div>If such act is not performed within the time fixed, the Magistrate may cause it to be performed, and may recover the costs of performing it from the accused.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>Term ‘Nuisance’ is not capable of an exact definition under the law and broadly means an act or omission which causes injury, danger or annoyance to common public.</div><div><br></div><div>An obstruction or nuisance on a private property cannot be interfered with. </div><div><br></div><div>For Section 133 to be applicable, establishing Public right is important. Danger should be to public at large and not to any single individual or to a single family.</div><div><br></div><div>Section 133 CrPC provide a speedy and summary remedy in case of an urgent situation where there is imminent danger to public interest or public health. <br></div><div><br></div><div>In all other cases, the parties should be referred to the remedy under the ordinary law of land.<br></div><div><br></div><div>Section 133 applies only to existing and not to potential nuisances i.e., to what may become a nuisance in the future, nor does it apply when the nuisance has ceased.</div><div><br></div><div>Section 133 is of a remedial nature whereas provisions of other similar laws are mostly preventive.</div><div><br></div><div>It is important for the district magistrate to pass “Conditional Order” giving opportunity to opposite party to either show cause or execute the order of the magistrate.</div><div><br></div><div>Final Order of demolition of dangerous/dilapidated property should be given only in those cases only where providing support or repairs is not likely to serve the object of preventing injury to other persons.</div><div><br></div><div>To bring in application of Section 133 of the Code, there must be imminent danger to the property and consequential nuisance to the public. The nuisance is the concomitant act resulting in danger to the life or property due to likely collapse etc. </div><div><br></div><div>The object and purpose behind Section 133 of the Code is essentially to prevent public nuisance and involves a sense of urgency in the sense that if the Magistrate fails to take recourse immediately irreparable damage would be done to the public. It applies to a condition of the nuisance at the time when the order is passed and it is not intended to apply to future likelihood or what may happen at some later point of time. It does not deal with all potential nuisances, and on the other hand applies when the nuisance is in existence.</div><div><br></div><div>Some of the cases I could find related to CRPC Section 133 on the internet:</div><div><br></div><div>Nuisance of a Diaplated wall:</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/570222/</div><div><br></div><div>Nuisance of Barking dogs:</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/148237/</div><div><br></div><div>Illegal fishing:</div><div>http://arunachal24.in/arunachal-illegal-fishing-forest-destruction-hunting-prohibited-in-papumpare/</div><div><br></div><div>Prohibition on forest destruction:</div><div>https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2020/11/27/prohibitory-order-issued-2/</div><div><br></div><div>Ban On Spas:</div><div>https://m.timesofindia.com/city/noida/18-mths-on-sealed-spas-back-in-biz/articleshow/80697484.cms</div><div><br></div><div>Removal of Agitating Farmers:</div><div>https://www.livemint.com/news/india/hry-villagers-blocks-jind-chandigarh-highway-in-support-of-farmers-protest-11611883863211.html</div><div><br></div><div>*Palm tree leaning on neighbor's ground, is not private but public nuisance. Leaning of trees towards the roof of the neighbor or a dilapidated house abutting a neighbor's house if endangers human life of the inmates of the neighbor can bring an action before a Magistrate. [Jayakrishna Panigrahi And Ors. vs Hrusikesh Panda]</div><div><br></div><div>*Sub-Divisional Magistrates have jurisdiction to pass orders under Sec. 133, Cr.P.C. to remove public nuisance, notwithstanding the fact that Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 have come into force. Because, Water and Air Act, it is clear that the object is to take preventive measures. Under this Act, remedial measures are not available. [In the case of Harihar Polyfiber]</div><div><br></div><div>****</div><div>Hope this gives you all a basic idea about this Law.</div><div><br></div><div>Kindly excuse me for any grammatical error or error in the law interpretation.</div><div><br></div><div>‘Know the Law India’ is a personal blog from a law enthusiast. My aim is to promote, build confidence & create awareness about various Constitutional Methods in the society to solve the general public problems.</div><div><br></div><div>Do share your feedback and more reference if any on this subject matter for common benefit of all.</div><div><br></div><div>Source of Information:</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/983382/</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Society. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for the latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-38691351608021197342021-05-22T05:18:00.001+05:302021-05-22T05:20:17.159+05:30'Standing Committees' of Lok Sabha in India<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><div>Twenty Four (24) 'Department Related Standing committees (DRSCs)' of Loksabha</div><div><br></div><div>In 1993, in the history of Indian democracy a major initiative was taken in the direction of making the Parliament more effective in exercising control over and giving direction to the functioning Government (i.e.the executive) and thereby making the executive more accountable.</div><div><br></div><div>Parliamentary Standing Committee means a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House.</div><div><br></div><div>Parliamentary Committees are of two kinds: Standing Committees and Ad hoc Committees.</div><div><br></div><div>The Financial Committees, Department Related (DRSCs), and some other Committees come under the category of "Standing Committees". </div><div><br></div><div>"Ad hoc Committees" are appointed for a specific purpose and they cease to exist when they finish the task assigned to them and submit a report.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Each Department Related Standing Committee (DRSCs) now consists of 31 members:</div><div>- 21 from Lok Sabha </div><div>and </div><div>- 10 from Rajya Sabha. </div><div><br></div><div>The representation of different parties/groups in these Committees is in proportion to their strength in both the Houses of Parliament. </div><div><br></div><div>A Minister is NOT nominated as a member of the Committee. </div><div><br></div><div>The term of office of the members of the Committee does not exceed One year. </div><div><br></div><div>The Standing Committees do not consider the matters of day-to-day administration of the concerned Ministries / Departments.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>The Standing Committees are required to examine, make & present the advisory Reports to the Houses in regards to various Bills & other subjects related to their respective alloted department/ministry:</div><div><br></div><div>The Reports of the Committees have persuasive value and are</div><div>treated as considered advice given by the Committee. </div><div><br></div><div>The Ministry or the Department concerned, is required to take action on the recommendations and conclusions contained in the reportand furnish action taken replies thereon, within three months.</div><div><br></div><div>'Action-taken Notes' received from the Ministries/Departments are examined by the Committee and 'Action-taken Reports' thereon are presented to the House.</div><div><br></div><div>The Minister, with regard to the Ministry concerned, shall make once in six months a statement in the House regarding the status ofimplementation of recommendations contained in the Reports of'Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs)' of Lok Sabha.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Standing Committees are required to examine, make & present Reports to the houses mainly in regards to:</div><div><br></div><div>- Such 'Bills' pertaining to the concerned Ministries / Departments as are referred to the Committee by the Chairperson,Rajya Sabha or the Speaker, Lok Sabha as the case may be, and make reports thereon;</div><div><br></div><div>- The consideration of Demands for Grants of the concerned Ministries / Departments</div><div><br></div><div>- Annual reports of Ministries / Departments</div><div><br></div><div>- Policy Documents (National Basic Long Term Policy Document).</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Prime Minister Shri P.V. Narasimha Rao once said:</div><div><br></div><div>"Committees have become a vital part of the institutional framework of Parliaments all over the world today..........it offers an opportunity to the members to have glimpse into the working of Governments and</div><div>understand the practical problems and constraints. It also helps them to gain expertise and specialisation about the subjects dealt with by the Committees, which in turn is bound to result in elevating the standard of debate on the floor of the House."</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>Source:</div><div>https://loksabha.nic.in/</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-71248963236208952782021-05-15T01:27:00.001+05:302021-05-15T01:27:54.772+05:3015 Animal Rights Every Animal Lovers in India Must Know<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br></div><div><div>1. Article 51 A (g):</div><div><br></div><div>It is the fundamental right of every citizen of India to have compassion for all living creatures.</div><div><br></div><div>2. IPC Sections 428 and 429: </div><div><br></div><div>To kill or maim any animal, including stray animals is a punishable offence.</div><div><br></div><div>3. Section 11 (1)(i) and Section 11 (1)(j), Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960:</div><div><br></div><div>Abandoning any animal for any reason can land you in prison for up to three months.</div><div><br></div><div>4. Rule 3, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Slaughterhouse) Rules, 2001; Chapter 4, Food Safety and Standards</div><div>Regulations, 2011:</div><div><br></div><div>No animal (including chickens) can be slaughtered in any place other than a slaughterhouse. Sick or pregnant animals shall not be slaughtered.</div><div><br></div><div>5. ABC Rules, 2001:</div><div><br></div><div>Stray dogs that have been operated for birth control cannot be captured or relocated by anybody including any authority.</div><div><br></div><div>6. Section 11 (1)(h), Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960:</div><div><br></div><div>Neglecting an animal by denying her sufficient food, water, shelter, and exercise or by keeping him chained/confined for</div><div>long hours is punishable by a fine or imprisonment of up to 3 months or both.</div><div><br></div><div>7. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972:</div><div><br></div><div>Monkeys cannot be displayed or owned.</div><div><br></div><div>8. Section 22 (ii), Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960:</div><div><br></div><div>Bears, monkeys, tigers, panthers, lions and bulls are prohibited from being trained and used for entertainment purposes, either in circuses or streets.</div><div><br></div><div>9. Rule 3, Slaughterhouse Rules, 2001:</div><div><br></div><div>Animal sacrifice is illegal in every part of the country.</div><div><br></div><div>10. Section 11 (1)(m)(ii) and Section 11 (1)(n), Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960:</div><div><br></div><div>Organising of or participating in or inciting any animal fight is a cognizable offence.</div><div><br></div><div>11. Rule 148 - C, 135 - B, Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945:</div><div><br></div><div>Cosmetics tested on animals and the import of cosmetics tested on animals is banned.</div><div><br></div><div>12. Section 38J, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972:</div><div><br></div><div>Teasing, feeding or disturbing the animals in a zoo and littering the zoo premises is an offence punishable by a fine of Rs.</div><div>25,000/- or imprisonment of up to three years or both.</div><div><br></div><div>13. Section 9, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972:</div><div><br></div><div>Capturing, trapping, poisoning or baiting any wild animal or even attempting to do so is punishable by law, with a fine ofup to Rs. 25,000/- or imprisonment of up to seven years or both.</div><div><br></div><div>14. Section 9, Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972:</div><div><br></div><div>Disturbing or destroying eggs or nests of birds and reptiles or chopping a tree having nests of such birds and reptiles oreven attempting to do so constitutes to hunting and attracts a punishment of a fine of up to Rs. 25,000/- or</div><div>imprisonment of up to seven years or both.</div><div><br></div><div>15. Section 11 (1)(d), Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (Transport of Animals) Rules, 2001; Motor Vehicles Act, 1978:</div><div><br></div><div>Conveying or carrying animals whether in or upon any vehicle, in any manner or position which causes discomfort, pain</div><div>or suffering is a punishable offence under two central Acts.</div><div><br></div><div>Source:</div><div>NGO - People For Animals</div><div>www.peopleforanimalsindia.org</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-44759037247147567112021-05-05T05:28:00.001+05:302021-05-05T05:28:34.410+05:30Customer Protection – Limiting Liability of Customers in Unauthorised Electronic Banking Transactions<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Unauthorised or fraudulent electronic banking transaction in your account?</div><div><br></div><div>Do not panic. </div><div><br></div><div>Follow the steps outlined by the RBI in the following notification.</div><div><br></div><div>"Customer Protection – Limiting Liability of Customers in Unauthorised Electronic Banking Transactions"</div><div><br></div><div>The Reserve bank of India (RBI) on 6th July 2017 amid the national drive toward digital transactions and rising incidents of fraud, had notified the norms in order to fix the liability in cases if a person loses money through an unauthorized electronic banking transaction like cyber attack on the bank or hacking of account.</div><div><br></div><div>Read RBI notification here:</div><div><br></div><div>DBR.No.Leg.BC.78/09.07.005/2017-18</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/notification/PDFs/NOTI15D620D2C4D2CA4A33AABC928CA6204B19.PDF&ved=2ahUKEwjUk-OM0bDwAhVtzzgGHTjoAVEQFjADegQIFxAC&usg=AOvVaw088s3dB_PYeb4Ki8CujJ67&cshid=1620152507485</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Society. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for the latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-39685622325283387812021-04-23T16:30:00.001+05:302021-04-23T16:31:21.265+05:30Police can call people only via written notice for investigation: Madras High court guidelines on CrPC 160<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br></div><div><div>#CRPC160</div><div><br></div><div>Police can call people only via written notice for investigation: Madras High court guidelines on CrPC 160.</div><div><br></div><div>Someone from Police Station calls on your phone to ask to pay them a visit for enquiry/investigation/talk etc, is just plain illegal as far as adherence to CrPC is concerned. The only legal way is via a written summons mentioning particular date and time (note: emails can also be taken as written notice).</div><div><br></div><div>Police officer has to summon via a written summon, but that summon should also specify a particular date and time for appearing in front of police. </div><div><br></div><div>Also note that minutes of this enquiry have to be mandatorily noted in the general diary/station diary/daily diary of Police Station, which means again that the verbal chit-chat police people in Police Station like to engage with accused, without keeping written records, is also not legal. All those probably happen with no entry about visit, or enquiry records anywhere.</div><div><br></div><div>Any officer violating this guidelines shall be liable for departmental enquiry & can be sued for contempt of court.</div><div><br></div><div>Source:</div><div>http://menrightsindia.net/2018/03/police-can-only-call-people-via-written-notice-for-investigation-madras-high-court-guidelines-on-crpc-160.html</div><div><br></div><div>Summon letter example:</div><div><br></div><div> its summon to Hakeem -- issued under Section 160 of the CrPc (Code of Criminal Procedure), the NIA said "whereas it appears that you are acquainted with the circumstances of the case... you are hereby required to attend before the undersigned at NIA headquarters opposite to CGO Complex, Lodhi Road on July 15 at 12.30 p.m for the purpose of your examination relating to the case".</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>CRPC 160: Police officer’s power to require attendance of witnesses:</div><div><br></div><div>(1) Any police officer making an investigation </div><div>under this Chapter may, by order in writing, require the attendance before himself of any person being within the limits of his own or any adjoining station who, from the information given or otherwise, appears to be acquainted with the facts and circumstances of the case; and such person shall attend as so required:</div><div><br></div><div>Provided that no male person 2[under the age of fifteen years or above the age of sixty-five years or a woman or a mentally or physically disabled person] shall be required to attend at any place other than the place in which such male person or woman resides.</div><div><br></div><div>(2) The State Government may, by rules made in this behalf, provide for the payment by the police officer of the reasonable expenses of every person, attending under sub-section (1) at any place other than his residence.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Society. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for the latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-71324059428499803582021-04-23T16:28:00.001+05:302021-04-23T16:28:29.723+05:30Police Arrest Procedure & Your Rights<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br></div><div><div>In case of a Police Arrest</div><div><br></div><div>Every Indian citizen must know the following GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY THE HON'BLE SUPREME COURT IN .</div><div>D K BASU CASE</div><div><br></div><div>The Hon'ble Supreme Court, in "D.K. Basu Vs State of West Bengal", has laid down </div><div>specific guidelines required to be followed while making an arrests,</div><div><br></div><div># The police personnel carrying out the arrest and handling the interrogation of the arrestee should bear accurate, visible and clear identification and name tags with their designations. </div><div><br></div><div># The particular of all such personnel who handle interrogation of the arrestee must be recorded in a register.</div><div><br></div><div># That the police officer carrying out the arrest shall prepare a 'memo' of arrest at the time of arrest, </div><div>and </div><div>such memo shall be attested by at least one 'witness', who may be </div><div>either a member of the family of the arrestee</div><div>OR</div><div>a 'respectable person' of the locality from where the arrest is made. It shall also be counter signed by the arrestee and shall contain the time and date of arrest.</div><div><br></div><div># The person arrested must be made aware of his right to have someone informed of his arrest or detention as soon as he is put under arrest or is detained, unless the attesting witness of the memo of arrest is himself such a friend or a relative of the arrestee.</div><div><br></div><div># There are two types of offence. </div><div>1) Cognizable [Serious offence]</div><div>2)Non-Cognizable [Not a serious offence]</div><div><br></div><div>In case of Cognizable offence, Police may arrest you 'without-warrant'.</div><div><br></div><div>In case of Non-Cognizable offence, police can not arrest you without a warrant (order) issued by the magistrate .</div><div><br></div><div># No police officer shall detain in custody a person arrested 'without-warrant' for more than 24 hours. </div><div><br></div><div># A person arrested 'without-warrant' must be presented to nearby district magistrate within 24 hours of arrest.</div><div><br></div><div># Every police officer or other person arresting any person 'without-warrant' shall forthwith communicate to him full particulars of the offence for which he is arrested or other grounds for such arrest </div><div><br></div><div># The person arrested must be made aware of his right to BAIL. </div><div><br></div><div># Where a police officer arrests 'without-warrant' any person other than a person accused of a non-bailable offence, he shall inform the person arrested that he is entitled to be released on bail and that he may arrange for sureties on his behalf</div><div><br></div><div># The arrestee may be permitted to meet his lawyer during interrogation, though not throughout the interrogation.</div><div><br></div><div># An entry must be made in the 'diary' also know as 'Station Diary' at the place of detention regarding the arrest of the person, which shall also disclose the name of the next friend of the person who has</div><div>been informed of the arrest and the names and particulars of the police officials in whose custody the arrestee is. </div><div><br></div><div>The same information should also be registered to Police control room within 12 hours of effecting arrest.</div><div><br></div><div># The arrestee should, where he so request, be also examines at the time of his arrest and major and minor injuries, if any present on his/her body, must be recorded at that </div><div>time. The Memo must be signed both by the arrestee and the police officer effecting the arrest and its copy should be provided to the arrestee.</div><div><br></div><div># The arrestee should be subjected to medical examination by the trained doctor every 48 hours during his detention In custody by a doctor on the panel of approved doctor </div><div>appointed by Director, Health Services of the concerned State or Union Territory.</div><div><br></div><div># Where the next friend or relative of the arrestee lives outside the district or town the time, place of arrest and venue of custody of an arrestee must be notified by the police through 'the Legal Aids Organization' in the District and the police station of the area </div><div>concerned telegraphically within a period of 8 to 12 hours after the arrest.</div><div><br></div><div># Copies of all the documents including the memo of arrest, referred to above, should be sent to the Magistrate for his record.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>Failing to comply above guidelines will lead to departmenal enquiry + punished for contempt of court to be filled before high Court.</div><div><br></div><div>Read 'Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 (CRPC)' for further understanding.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div><br></div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Society. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for the latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-56790102292703628312021-04-15T21:23:00.001+05:302021-04-15T21:23:02.508+05:30Key Legal contribution of Indian Freedom Fighter & Lawyer - 'Shri Vithalbhai Patel'<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Important Legal contribution of Indian Freedom Fighter & Lawyer - 'Shri Vithalbhai Patel'</div><div><br></div><div>He passed and fought for several bills and amendments.</div><div><br></div><div>Vithalbhai played a prominent role in two bills on the Bombay provincial legislative council, "the Bombay District Municipal Act Amendment Bill" and "The Town Planning Bill" in 1914. </div><div><br></div><div>His most well known proposal for which he received praise was for the extension of primary education to municipal districts in the Bombay presidency outside of the city of Bombay in 1917. After a long battle, the bill was passed after several amendments and modifications.</div><div><br></div><div>Throughout his time on the legislative council, he passed and fought for several bills and amendments on medical practice. </div><div><br></div><div>In a 1912 amendment to the Bombay medical act, he sought to register doctors for disciplinary action for malpractice. </div><div>This amendment did not include ayurvedic physicians. </div><div><br></div><div>In 1923 he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly, a chamber of elected and appointed Indian and British representatives with limited legislative powers, and in 1925 became the Assembly's president, or speaker.</div><div><br></div><div>As the President of the Assembly, Patel laid down the practices and procedures for the business of the Assembly. </div><div><br></div><div>Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vithalbhai_Patel</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-88385039369136844832021-03-11T11:13:00.001+05:302021-03-11T11:55:25.395+05:30Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960<div>Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960</div><div><br></div><div>Question : Can people who feed animals in their areas be stopped by Resident welfare Association, societies, or neighbours under the law?</div><div><br></div><div>Answer:</div><div><br></div><div>Article 51 A of the Constitutional Law of India, speaks about the duties of every citizen of India one of these duties include having compassion for living creatures. So the animals are protected under the Constitution.</div><div><br></div><div>Article 19 of Constitution of India, deals with the right to freedom of expression and in this freedom comes right to profession, occupation, trade and business. Therefore it means that every citizen has the right to occupation and if someone has taken the caring of animals as his occupation, it is legal and he has every right to carry on with his occupation.</div><div><br></div><div>Article 21, of constitution of India states the right to personal life and liberty. If someone wants to feed and provide shelter to dogs, he is at liberty to do so. Section 503, of the IPC, 1860 provides that intimidation is criminal offence which is cognisable.</div><div><br></div><div>Under the Government of India, Animals Birth Control (Dogs) Rules, 2001,no sterilized dogs can be relocated from their area. As per High Court order, sterilized dogs have to remain in their original areas. If the dog is not sterilized, the society can simply ask the BMC or /AWOs to sterilize and vaccinate the dog but they cannot relocate the dogs. Relocation is not permissible as it would cause more problem such as an increase in dog bites as new dogs will move into the areas who are unfamiliar with residents and therefore more likely to be hostile. Animal Welfare Board of India recently published guidelines regarding approach of members of a society towards pet dogs & stray dogs in the society on website www.awbi.org.</div><div><br></div><div>Stray dogs can not be taken away permanently from their territory. As vacuum created will soon filled up by new stray dogs. MCGM picks up stray dogs for sterilisation Antirabies vaccination & release them at the same place after 7-10 days. Guidelines are already published in website www.awbi.org.</div><div><br></div><div>On receiving such complaint, MCGM dog squad will pick up such dogs & keep them at an AWO under observation for 10 days. If such dogs do not show any sign of rabies they will be vaccinated & released after 10 days, in the same place from where they were picked up.</div><div><br></div><div>Following Laws govern animal related rights:</div><div><br></div><div>- The guidelines issued by Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) on website www.awbi.org.</div><div><br></div><div>- Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960</div><div><br></div><div>- Animal Birth Control (dogs) Rules – 2001,</div><div><br></div><div>- Slaughter House Rules 2001</div><div><br></div><div>- The performing Animals</div><div>(Registration) Rules 2001</div><div><br></div><div>- Maharashtra Animal </div><div>preservation Act-1976 (Revised 1995)</div><div><br></div><div>And many more....</div><div><br></div><div>Source:</div><div>www.awbi.org</div><div>&</div><div>www.mcgm.gov.in</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-21956162518955753022021-03-08T13:56:00.001+05:302021-03-08T13:56:58.405+05:30Open burning of Garbage a major source of Air Pollution<div>Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981</div><div><br></div><div>Open burning of Garbage a major source of Air Pollution.</div><div><br></div><div>In December 2016, The National Green Tribunal (NGT) ordered nationwide ban on open burning of Garbage with penalty of upto Rs.25,000/-</div><div><br></div><div>Disposal by burning of any type of solid waste at roadsides, or any private or public property is also prohibited as per BMC's Solid Waste Management Rules.</div><div><br></div><div>Image Courtesy: TOI</div><div><br></div><div>Source: https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/despite-ban-on-burning-waste-complaints-to-bmc-go-unheard/articleshow/80160632.cms<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-63528367590503846382021-01-28T00:36:00.001+05:302021-01-28T00:36:24.440+05:30Consumer Cases on Banking<div>Consumer Cases on Banking</div><div><br></div><div>The difference in the Interest</div><div>paid to the 'Saving bank account' holder and the interest earned by the bank by lending his amount is the 'Consideration' for the Service of</div><div>the bank. </div><div><br></div><div>It was held that a person holding a savings bank a/c</div><div>with a bank would fall within the definition of consumer under the Consumer Protection Act</div><div><br></div><div>Branch Manager, Canara Bank Vs. K.R. Hanumatha Rao - 1992(1) CPR 401 (SCRDC – Kar)</div><div><br></div><div>The principles laid down by the various decisions of the Consumer Commissions and the Supreme Court and included in</div><div>the compilation can be summarized as under:</div><div>(i) Failure /Delay in repaying deposits</div><div>Withholding of the amount due on a fixed deposit after its maturity, amounts to deficiency in service. Delayed payment of</div><div>term deposits on maturity also amounts to deficiency in service. The principle applies to cases of inordinate delay in</div><div>payment of proceeds of premature encashment of deposits as well.</div><div>(ii) Payment and Collection of Cheques/Drafts</div><div>Wrongful dishonour of cheques due to the negligence or mistake on the part of the bank has been held to amount</div><div>deficiency in service. Dishonour of DDs due to the lapse or omission on the part of the officials of the bank like non-</div><div>affixation of signatures, failure to mention code number etc. have also been held to be amounting to deficiency in service.</div><div>(iii) Locker:</div><div>A bank is liable for loss of articles kept in the locker with the bank. The bank cannot contract out of its responsibilities in</div><div>relation to a locker by describing the agreement as that between a landlord and a tenant. When locker was found emptied</div><div>and contents lost, the banks have been held liable for deficiency in service. However, in some such cases, the disputes</div><div>were left open to be decided by the Civil Court after taking detailed evidence.</div><div>(iv) Security in bank’s premises</div><div>A bank is responsible for deficiency in service for lack of security in its premises and loss caused to customers accordingly.</div><div>This is on the ground that ensuring the safety of the money to be deposited and/or withdrawn inside the bank premises is</div><div>implicitly a part of the service rendered by a bank to a customer.</div><div> </div><div>The complainant has alleged that the bank has debited certain amount without any authority or permission. The District</div><div>Forum had dismissed the complaint and hence this appeal. It was found that the facts stated by the bank in its written</div><div>statement were not proved by filing any evidence before the District Forum and that the District Forum failed to consider the</div><div>evidence which was filed by the complainant-appellant which should have been done before coming to any conclusion. The</div><div>order of District Forum was set aside and the case was sent back to the District Forum for reconsideration. Vijay Singh v.</div><div>Allahabad Bank 1998 (1) CPR 8 (SCDRC - Uttar Pradesh)</div><div><br></div><div>Failure of the bank to confirm remittance received from</div><div>outside country within a reasonable period amounts to deficiency in service. The AGM, State Bank of India, Pondicherry</div><div>& Ors V/s N.Ganesan- 2000(3) CPR 423 SCDRC (Pond)</div><div><br></div><div>When cheques given by the complainant to the bank for collection were lost due to negligence of the employees of the</div><div>bank it was held that such account holder cannot be made to suffer. It was held that a person holding a savings bank a/c</div><div>with a bank would fall within the definition of consumer under the Consumer Protection Act and the difference in the interest</div><div>paid to the account holder and the interest earned by the bank by lending his amount is the consideration for the service of</div><div>the bank. Branch Manager, Canara Bank Vs. K.R. Hanumatha Rao - 1992(1) CPR 401 (SCRDC – Kar)</div><div><br></div><div>The bank wrongly dishonoured a cheque issued by the complainant. Even though the bank had admitted its mistake it failed</div><div>to contact the complainant after the cheque was dishonoured. The cheque was payable to GSFC, a financial institution. The</div><div>Commission held that the complainant has to be awarded damages for such indifference and awarded Rs.500/- towards</div><div>compensation with interest on 18% on the amount of cheque from the date of cheque till it was again credited in his</div><div>account. Vasudevbhai Valjibhai Patel Vs. Manager, Bank of Baroda 1993(2) CPR 422 (SCDRC-Gujarat)</div><div>A Cheque being dishonoured by Punjab & Sind Bank despite sufficient funds in the account of the customer on the ground</div><div>that dealing official being an old man misread the figures of amount outstanding in the account is a deficiency in service.</div><div>The District Forum had awarded Rs.5000/- as compensation and Rs.1000/- as costs and the State Commission concurred</div><div>with the observation of the District Forum. Punjab & Sind Bank Vs. Manpreet Singh Sood 1994(2) CPR 627 (SCDRC,</div><div>Punjab)</div><div><br></div><div>The complainant/appellant deposited a cheque for crediting it in her account but the bank lost it. The complainant filed the</div><div>captioned complaint against the bank for deficiency of service. It was held that complainant is entitled to get interest at</div><div>prevailing rate of 5% from date of deposit of cheque till receipt of the amount. Dr.Smt.Vidya Jain Vrs.Manager, PNB, CPR</div><div>1995(1) 158 (SCDRC - Madhya Pradesh).</div><div><br></div><div>A complaint was filed for deficiency in banking service for dishonouring of cheque by bank despite sufficient amount in the</div><div>account. It was held that dishonouring cheque despite sufficient funds due to negligence is a deficiency in service on part of</div><div>opposite party bank. Ishwar Prakash Chopra Vs. State Bank of India,CPR 1995(1) 429 (SCDRC - Maharashtra).</div><div><br></div><div>Where the bank honoured a cheque issued by the complainant, subsequent to the written instruction issued by the</div><div>complainant not to honour the subject cheque, which fact was not in dispute, the bank was held liable for deficiency in</div><div>service. Harjivandas Valjibhai Patel v. The Manager, Dena Bank, Saraspur Branch 1996 (3) CPR 342 (SCDRC-</div><div>Gujarat)</div><div><br></div><div>Where the District Forum held that the bank has been deficient in rendering service to its customer by allowing withdrawal</div><div>of a sum of Rs.25,000/- form the account of the complainant without the complainant actually withdrawing the said amount</div><div>on the said date, allegedly on a forged cheque, the State Commission confirmed the same on the ground that the bank</div><div>failed to recognize the apparent dissimilarity between the signature on the cheque and the specimen signature, and</div><div>dismissed the appeal. H.P. State Co-op Bank Ltd., v. Smt. Nisha Raj 1997 (3) CPR 410 (SCDRC-HP)</div><div><br></div><div>It was held that dishonour of cheque of a customer on the ground of insufficiency of funds when the customer had sufficient</div><div>balance will obviously amount to ‘faulty’ and ‘imperfect’ manner of performance of service. This default is certainly covered</div><div>in the definition of ‘deficiency’ in service under section 2 (1) (g) of the Consumer Protection Act. On the quantum of</div><div>damages, it was found that there was a clear nexus between the default of the respondent bank and the denial of allotment</div><div>of debentures to complainant and the bank is liable to compensate the loss. Ram Kanwar v. Punjab National Bank 1998</div><div>(1) CPR 646 (SCDRC - Delhi)</div><div><br></div><div>A cheque deposited with the bank for collection was dishonoured, but the bank failed to return it on the plea that it was lost</div><div>in transit. It was held that due to the deficiency of service on the part of the bank, the complainant has suffered mental</div><div>agony and harassment, as neither the money has not been credited to the account of the complainant nor has the cheque</div><div>which is alleged to be dishonoured has been returned to the complainant and such the complainant is clearly entitled for</div><div>compensation. Smt. Harmohinder Kaur v. State Bank of Patiala 1999(2) CPR 553 (SCDRC - Himachal Pradesh)</div><div><br></div><div>the bank couldn't escape responsibility in comparing signatures. The issuance of cheque book by bank without comparing</div><div>signature with that of the account holder and then clearing cheque to imposter amounts to deficiency in service. Abdul</div><div>Razak & Anr Vs. The South Indian Bank Ltd - 2003 (1) CPR 145 (NC)</div><div><br></div><div>late return of dishonored cheque is a deficiency</div><div>in banking service. Union of India & ors Vs. Suman Kanwar & ors- 2004 (3) CPR 719 SCDRC (Raj).</div><div><br></div><div>The National Commission held that payment on forged cheque by a bank</div><div>would amount to deficiency of service and that the customer cannot be held liable for contributory negligence by not</div><div>keeping the pass book in safe custody. Venkanna Vs. Andhra Bank - 2005 (2) CPR 75 (NC).</div><div><br></div><div>if the bank official was not careful and</div><div>vigilant in verifying signatures of account holder with signatures presented while withdrawing amount and some</div><div>unauthorized person withdrew the money, it would amount to deficiency in service on the part of the bank. State Bank of</div><div>India Vs. Amar Kumar Prem - 2005 (2) CPR 261</div><div><br></div><div>was held that where agent of the bank having collected money from account</div><div>holder did not deposit it in the bank and committed fraud, the bank will be responsible for misconduct of its agent to pay</div><div>amount to the account holder. Branch Manager, Central Bank of India Vs. Bagwan Vishnoo Mahadeshwar - 2004 (2)</div><div>CPR 185</div><div><br></div><div>The complaint was filed for deficiency in banking service for withholding of amount even after date of maturity of a term</div><div>deposit. It was held that withholding of amount even after date of maturity is deficiency in service and the complainat was</div><div>entitled to get the maturity amount with interest at 15% from date of its maturity till payment. Sumangal Rao & another</div><div>Vs.Vijaya Bank, CPR(1) 163 (SCDRC - Karnataka).</div><div><br></div><div>the bank is liable to pay compensation for deficiency in not making available the amount of FDR to account holder even</div><div>in absence of evidence about actual loss suffered. Malkiat Singh & Anr v. Punjab National Bank and Anr 1998 (2) CPR</div><div>416 (SCDRC -Punjab).</div><div><br></div><div>f the bank fails to pay the amount of deposit with accrued interest on the date of maturity it</div><div>will tantamount to deficiency in service.V.Ramasamy Vs. The Deputy Registrar of Co-operative Societies & Ors - 2003</div><div>(2) CPR 18.</div><div><br></div><div>the non-payment of</div><div>fixed deposit on maturity gives rise to consumer dispute and amounts to deficiency in service. Sanjay Kumar Ahuja & ors</div><div>Vs. Shanta Rani & Ors - 2003 (2) CPR 8 (NC).</div><div><br></div><div>the bank is vicariously liable for fraud of its employee in which</div><div>customer is not a party to it. Allahabad Bank Vs. Shiv Swaroop Srivastava- 2004 (3) CPR 652SCDRC (UP).</div><div><br></div><div>the fundamental principle for determining the quantum of</div><div>compensation which naturally flows from the consequence of the deficiency in service on the part of the bank is that as far</div><div>as possible the injured party should be placed in as good a situation as if there has been no deficiency in the service and</div><div>the complainant would have succeeded in obtaining the shares from the Company. Samanya Sahayak Prabandhak, SBI</div><div>& Anr., v. Abdul Moin 1997 (2) CPR 205 (SCDRC-UP).</div><div><br></div><div>The bank, by mistake did not make any debit entry in the account of the complainant. And later, it made a debit entry in the</div><div>account and also debited the interest on it. It was held that the charging of interest for belated mistaken credit from the</div><div>customer by the bank is not valid. Anjana Kundu Vs. Branch Manager, Bank of Baroda - 2003 (3) CPR 67 (NC).</div><div><br></div><div>Bank is liable for loss of ornaments in the locker hired by it to the customer. Punjab National Bank,</div><div>Bombay Vs. K.B.Shetty 1991 (2) CPR 633 (NC).</div><div><br></div><div>Where the complainants alleged that their accounts were debited on the basis of forged cheques and as such the bank, by</div><div>not re-crediting those amounts, is liable for deficiency of service, the State Commission opined that the said matter involved</div><div>determination of liabilities based on elaborate appreciation of evidence which cannot be undertaken under the summary</div><div>procedure laid down in the Consumer Protection Act and as such disposed of the matter directing the complainants to seek</div><div>remedy before a competent civil court. Motlib Ali & Ors., v. Canara Bank. 1997 (3) CPR 164 (SCDRC-Assam).</div><div><br></div><div>The complainant claimed from the bank an amount of Rs.45, 000/- with interest since he was robbed at the counter of the</div><div>bank on his visit to deposit the amount in his current account. The bank was held responsible for deficiency of service under</div><div>Section 2 (1) (o) on the ground that ensuring safety of the money to be deposited and/or withdrawn inside the bank</div><div>premises is implicitly part of service rendered by a bank to a customer. Col.D.S.Sachar Vs. Punjab & Sind Bank-Order of</div><div>the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission dated April 28, 2005 passed in Revision Petition No.1046</div><div>of 2003/A</div><div><br></div><div>Where a locker was alleged to be already open and the ornaments therein were missing, the conduct on the part of the</div><div>bank in not conducting any departmental enquiry nor being able to produce evidence as to the details of persons who have</div><div>accessed the locker, the Commission held, in the light of the decision of the National Commission in Punjab National Bank,</div><div>Bombay v. M.B. Shetty (FA No. 7 of 1991 decided on 06/08/1991) that the bank has been deficient in providing service and</div><div>allowed the complaint in part. Ugam Singh v. GM, SBI & Ors. 1996 (1) CPR 188 (SCDRC-Rajasthan).</div><div><br></div><div>Source: </div><div>https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=171</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-51116430291735585262020-08-22T14:22:00.001+05:302020-08-22T14:22:32.034+05:30Even a weak man can rule a stronger with the help of the law...<div>"Even a weak man can rule a stronger with the help of the law..."</div><div><br></div><div>Our ancient 'Upnishads' mention the importance of Law.</div><div><br></div><div>'Brihadaranyaka Upanishad' (1 of 13 famous Upnishads in India), mentions:</div><div><br></div><div>"Law is the power of the kingdom, nor is there aught higher than the law. Even a weak man rules a stronger with the help of the law...".</div><div><br></div><div>Our Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi ji explains this very nicely.</div><div><br></div><div>Source & Courtesy:</div><div>PMO India</div><div>PM Modi's speech on National Law Day 2017.</div><div>https://youtu.be/c9miHn61hT4</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-90880852691817665512020-08-19T17:55:00.001+05:302020-09-11T12:38:43.571+05:30Indian Penal Code - IPC166: Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><div><br></div><div>Indian Penal Code:<br></div><div><br></div><div>IPC 166: Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person</div><div><br></div><div>Whoever, being a public servant, knowingly disobeys any direction of the law as to the way in which he is to conduct himself as such public servant, intending to cause, or knowing it to be likely that he will, by such disobedience, cause injury to any person, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year, or with fine, or with both.</div><div><br></div><div>IIIustration:</div><div>A, being an officer directed by law to take property in execution, in order to satisfy a decree pronounced in Z's favour by a Court of Justice, knowingly disobeys that direction of law, with the knowledge that he is likely thereby to cause injury to Z. A has committed the offence defined in this section.</div><div><br></div><div>In a recent amendment in 2018, IPC 166A & IPC 166B, have been added to original IPC 166, It relates to non-registration of FIR & not following mandatory procedures in case of sexual offences related to women.</div><div><br></div><div>But, here we will discuss only the broader aspects of IPC 166, which relates to Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.</div><div><br></div><div>IPC 166 is non-cognizable & Bailable.</div><div><br></div><div>Triable by Magistrate First Class</div><div><br></div><div>Punishment: Simple Imprisonment for 1 Year or Fine or Both</div><div><br></div><div>The offence is not Compoundable (No settlement between parties)</div><div><br></div><div>You can file a private Complaint with the magistrate first class (under CRPC Section 200) for charging any public servant for the offence of IPC 166.</div><div><br></div><div>Prior Sanction from the Government is required before prosecuting any Public Servant under this law. </div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>As simple this law sounds easy to read, that much difficult it is to prove.</div><div><br></div><div>To understand this law, I went through almost 150 to 200 past cases on https://indiankanoon.org</div><div><br></div><div>It is very difficult to prove this offence for the acts done by a public servant while discharging his duty. </div><div><br></div><div>One has to be extra cautious before filing a complaint with the court against any public servant under IPC 166. Hence, always take the help of a professional lawyers for such kind of litigations.</div><div><br></div><div>There is a very thin line between errors done while performing official Duty or required to be done to perform the official duty successfully And, act done opposite to any law with intent to cause injury.</div><div><br></div><div>A Public Servant not performing his duty properly (dereliction of duty) or doing errors can only attract 'Disciplinary action' against him from the seniors of his department and will not attract IPC 166.</div><div><br></div><div>To prove IPC 166, an act done by a public servant has to be totally opposite to any Law in force and that too with intent to cause Injury.</div><div><br></div><div>Disciplinary actions are taken by the seniors of the department against its staff. It is like an employer-employee relation. If an employee makes a mistake, the employer might cut his salary or can reduce his designation or can take away some responsibility, change his department, etc. Employer will not put him behind the bar.</div><div><br></div><div>So when error is done during performance of duty, you can Complaint to seniors of the department or to grievances department/vigilance department, etc., but you can not sue the public servant for IPC 166 offence.</div><div><br></div><div>The error has to be a major violation of any of the law in force.</div><div><br></div><div>Majority of the cases I went through had been later quashed by the higher courts, Because, it was proved that it was an error done while performing official Duty and attracted disciplinary action but not IPC 166 offence.</div><div><br></div><div>Police officer holding an accused from the collar while taking him to the police station although not recommended but can be pardoned since this act is required to successfully perform a duty. Which means, this act is required so that the accused doesn't run away, hence it will not be called as an offense under IPC 166 . (manhandled during arrest leading to minor Injuries, will not attract 166.)</div><div><br></div><div>But if an accused suffers severe injuries while he is in police custody, it can attract the offence of IPC 166, as a Police officer can not use force when the accused is in police custody. (Devinder Singh Vs State of Punjab: no sanction required for custodial torture having no connection with the official duty.)</div><div><br></div><div>And this is the reason, prior sanction from the government is mandatory (as per CRPC 197) before prosecuting any public servant under IPC 166, 167 and other similar offences by public servants.</div><div><br></div><div>Here concerned government departments will check whether the act complained of was normal error while performing his duty and something which requires to be done to successfully perform official duty Or act done doesn't fall under his duty & it appears a gross violation of any existing law in force.</div><div><br></div><div>This is the reason I request all the Indian citizens to know the various laws in India. As, when you know the law, you also come to know which acts by public servants are against the law.</div><div><br></div><div>This sanction procedure also helps & protects a genuine public servant from false Complaint being initiated against him in order to create pressure on him.</div><div><br></div><div>There is Three months timeline for the concerned government ministry to revert to the application of sanction for prosecution.</div><div><br></div><div>An extension of one month period may be allowed and at the end of the time limit of extended period if no decision is taken, sanction will be deemed to have been granted to the proposal for prosecution.</div><div><br></div><div>FIR against Public Servant can be quashed by HC/SC if no prior sanction is taken before registering FIR especially when there is prima facie relation of an act with official duty.</div><div><br></div><div>Public servants can not be summoned even for enquiry by magistrate without Sanction in case of IPC 166 accusations.</div><div><br></div><div>But, one more important aspect is that Sanction is required for prosecuting only those public servants (usually Senior Officers) which are removable only by State Government or Central Government.</div><div><br></div><div>Usually lower rank staff are removable by head of the respective department and State/Central Government permission not required for such removal. In such cases, no prior sanction is required for prosecuting them.</div><div><br></div><div>No Sanction for Inspector, Sub-inspector & ASI rank Police.</div><div><br></div><div>Some of the successful cases I came across regarding IPC 166 offence against Public Servant:</div><div><br></div><div>Tractor seized illegally by Police officer, held guilty of 166 & 384 extortion</div><div>Rabindra Kumar Singh Vs State of Jharkhand</div><div><br></div><div><div>Police SI jailed in 2020 for not following procedure of arrest:</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/191857134/</div><div>https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/contempt-case-4-week-jail-for-si/article30686295.ece/amp</div></div><div><br></div><div>Food & Drug department officer charged IPC 166</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1982599/</div><div><br></div><div>Registrar of Society charged for IPC 166</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/286292/</div><div><br></div><div>Not issuing irrigation License despite order of senior officials amounts to offence u/s 166:</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/343613/</div><div><br></div><div>Refusal to pay wage allowance to the government worker by authority as mentioned in the payment of wages act attracts IPC 166 </div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/139065/</div><div><br></div><div>The petitioner is a public servant and was legally required to issue a domicile certificate in accordance with the procedure.</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/154093864/</div><div><br></div><div>166 A of the IPC (Public servant disobeying direction under law) and 217 (public servant disobeying law with intent) against the negligent police officers and corporation officials</div><div>https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/will-ensure-those-who-put-illegal-banners-are-sent-jail-traffic-ramaswamy-tnm-108972</div><div><br></div><div>Written Complaint to SHO not accepted by SHO:</div><div>Under the Andhra Pradesh Police Code the powers and the duties of the police officers have codified. Under the Andhra Pradesh Police Manual also the powers and duties of the police officers have been specified. If there is any dereliction of the duties or disobedience of any direction of law, they are not only liable for punishment under Section 166 IPC but also liable for disciplinary proceedings under Chapter 10 of AP Police Manual.</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1541849/</div><div><br></div><div>Intention need not be explicit. It can be implied from conduct. When an officer, who is a repository of power entrusted with duties of a trustee, acts in disobedience of such legal responsibilities, that can only be intentional when it is shown that due care and caution expected of a trustee is not exercised.</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/10023818/</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>IPC 166 Offence can be committed only during the course of performance of his duty as public servant.</div><div><br></div><div>It does not apply to acts done purely in a private capacity by a public servant.</div><div><br></div><div>Taking bribe is not act done during the course of duty:</div><div>- State of Maharashtra vs. Narhar Rao (AIR 1966 SC 1783) </div><div>- and the State of Maharashtra vs. Ram and Ors. (AIR 1966 SC 1786)</div><div>- Virupaxappa Veerappa Kadampur (supra)</div><div><br></div><div>Sanction not required for IPC offences of cheating, conspiracy, criminal breach of trust by Public Servant</div><div>https://m.timesofindia.com/city/mumbai/blow-to-cbi-in-cheating-case-against-rana-kapoor/articleshow/77026867.cms</div><div><br></div><div>Offences punishable under Sections 409, 420, 467, 468, 471 etc. can by no stretch of imagination by their very nature be regarded as having been committed by a public servant while acting or purporting to act in discharge of official duty (vide Prakash Singh Badal Vs. State of Punjab (2007) 1 SCC 1).</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/158296275/</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>The disobedience must be of a direction of law and not an order of a Court.</div><div><br></div><div>Further, this direction must be with respect to the conduct of such a public servant.</div><div><br></div><div>the disobedience, if any, of the injunction granted by the court can be punishable either under the Contempt of Courts Act or under Order XXXIX, Rule 2 C.P.C. but it does not amount to any offence under Section 166 I.P.C.</div><div><br></div><div>(The disobedience of the temporary injunction is not contemplated as an offence under Section 166 I.P.C. and for that recourse could have been taken to Order XXXIX, Rule 2 C.P.C. or for proceedings for contempt of court.</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1778760/)</div><div><br></div><div>Not supplying Copy of FIR to complainant or accused or to magistrate as per 154 (2) is violation of CRPC. But it will attract disciplinary action & not offence under 166. </div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/158986442/</div><div><br></div><div>Notice served if any by any public servant, should have to be again the law or procedure mentioned in the law.</div><div><br></div><div>The expression 'direction' in Section 166 of the Indian Penal Code, includes both, the direction contained in the statute itself and the direction which may be given to a public servant by an authority competent to give directions under any law for the time being in force, mandating the doing of the act mentioned in the direction or avoidance of any act or omission. </div><div><br></div><div>Although Public Servants are not the competent authority but have followed due process of Law. Can not be accused of 166 IPC.</div><div><br></div><div>The test laid down in this regard is as to whether the public servant, if challenged, can reasonably claim that, what he does, he does in virtue of his office.</div><div><br></div><div>Mere breach of departmental rules will not bring a public servant within the purview of this section, but there must be materials to show that the accused had willfully departed from the direction of law with intent to cause injury to any person.</div><div><br></div><div>Act should be opposite to the law in force.</div><div><br></div><div>*******</div><div><br></div><div>#As per Sec 19 of PC Act, the punishing authority of ASI is the Superintendent of Police and not the State Government.</div><div>The intention of the legislature is very clear and intended not to protect all the categories of Govt. employees, but only to protect those public servants, who are removable from their office by the State Government and not otherwise.</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/108530832/</div><div><br></div><div>#It has been held by their lordships of Supreme Court in Nagraj Vs. State of Mysore, reported in A.I.R. 1964 Supreme Court 269 that if an Inspector or Sub-inspector of Police or constable being removable by the Inspector General or by Superintendent of Police, no sanction is necessary. (https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1148439/)</div><div><br></div><div>#In this case Sub-inspector Not held guilty for 166 but court clarified that there was no need for Sanction u/s 197 as the accused was a Sub-Inspector of Police during the relevant period and no sanction is required from the Government for prosecuting a Sub-Inspector of Police under Section 197 Cr.P.C., since Section 197 Cr.P.C. contemplates sanction to prosecute a public servant only if he is removable from his office by the Government. </div><div><br></div><div>No Sanction required for prosecuting Sub-inspector & Inspector:</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1495054/</div><div>https://indiankanoon.org/doc/159877024/</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>Mukesh Kumar, I.R.S vs G.Srinivas Reddy Another on 10 oct, 2018[4] JUDGEMENT: The Apex Court in this case held that to make out an offence under this provision, it has to be stated that the public servant knowingly disobeyed any particular direction of law which he was bound to obey and further that such disobedience would cause injury to any person to the knowledge of the public servant.</div><div><br></div><div>it has to be shown that a public servant knowingly disobeys any direction of law as to the way in which he is to conduct himself and thereby intending to cause or knowing it to be likely that he will by such disobedience, cause injury to any person.</div><div><br></div><div>Hope this will give you a basic idea of IPC 166. 🙏</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Society. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for the latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div></div><div><br></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-80596319516727371992020-08-15T12:45:00.001+05:302020-08-15T12:45:14.748+05:30Para from Dr. Ambedkar’s final speech in the Constituent Assembly, dated November 25, 1949<div><br></div><div><div>Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar</div><div><br></div><div>"We must hold on to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives. </div><div><br></div><div>It means we must abandon the bloody methods of revolution.. </div><div><br></div><div>It means that we must abandon the method of civil disobedience, non-</div><div>cooperation and satyagraha.</div><div><br></div><div>Where constitutional methods are open, there can be no justification for these </div><div>unconstitutional methods.</div><div><br></div><div>These methods are nothing but the Grammar of Anarchy and the sooner they are abandoned, the better for us." </div><div><br></div><div>-para from Dr. Ambedkar’s final speech in the Constituent Assembly, dated November 25, 1949.</div><div><br></div><div>This independence day, let us take a pledge to use & explore various Constitutional methods to bring in the changes we want to see in our country.</div><div><br></div><div>Source & Courtesy:</div><div><br></div><div>Rajya Sabha Television</div><div><br></div><div>https://youtu.be/9MYY4SXEGCE</div><div><br></div><div>www.rstv.nic.in</div></div><div><br></div>https://www.facebook.com/100430711450290/posts/185254199634607/?sfnsn=wiwspmo&extid=l9RcGRILvDcRBOCL&d=n&vh=eKartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-58657002343092618672020-08-04T12:04:00.001+05:302020-08-04T12:04:20.471+05:30The Consumer Protection Act, 2019<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br></div><div><div>New 'The Consumer Protection Act, 2019' has come into force from July 20, 2020. Replacing the old Consumer Protection Act 1986.</div><div><br></div><div>New Act gives more power in the hands of Consumer.</div><div><br></div><div>It helps consumer in seeking justice for the Deficiency in service, Unfair trade practice, Compensation for the loss/injury suffered due to sell of defective product/service [also known as Product Liability], Non refund/non-return of Product/Service by E-commerce seller within 30 days, misleading advertisement/endorsement, etc. The list is quite long.</div><div><br></div><div>Did you know? You can personally file a complaint in Consumer court by just writing the complaint on a PLAIN PAPER.</div><div><br></div><div>Why are Consumer Courts important?</div><div><br></div><div>Not following the final order of the Consumer Courts can put the Seller (Opposite party) in Jail for the term from 1 month to 3 years and/Or fine from 25k to 1 lakh</div><div>(*as per Section 72)</div><div><br></div><div>Time limit for Courts to dispose of consumer complaint?</div><div><br></div><div>Every Consumer Court must endeavour to dispose of the Case within</div><div>- 3 months from receipt of notice by the opposite party &</div><div>- 5 months in case product testing is required from laboratory.</div><div>[*as per Section 38(7)]</div><div><br></div><div>Most important, No adjournment of cases except in exceptional circumstances. That too, the Commission appointed has to give the reason in writing for such adjournment.</div><div>[*as per Section 38(7)]</div><div><br></div><div>Consumer courts are also empowered to give interim orders in Consumer cases.</div><div>[*as per Section 38(8)]</div><div><br></div><div>Fees for Making a Complaint?</div><div><br></div><div>There is no fee if the value paid for Goods/Service is less than Rs. Five lakhs.</div><div>From Five Lakh to more than Ten Crore value goods/services, the fee ranges from Rs.200/- to Rs.7,500/-</div><div>[*As per table in Rule 7 of CP Rules 2020]</div><div><br></div><div>Process of filing Complaint:</div><div><br></div><div>The Consumer Affairs ministry is working on introducing e-filing of Complaints. Soon we will have an e-filing system in place.</div><div><br></div><div>In the meanwhile, you need to file the Complaint with the District Commission, State Commission & National Commission based on the value of goods/service involved.</div><div><br></div><div>District Commission takes care of Complaint below 1 Crore value.</div><div>State Commission takes care of Complaint above 1 Cr to 10 Crores values.</div><div>National Commission takes care of Complaints of 10 Crores or more value.</div><div><br></div><div>Complaint filing procedure is almost the same for all three Commissions (with minor here & there).</div><div><br></div><div>You need to make at least 3 copies of your Complaint along with other documents, all self attested. With additional extra copies for every additional opposite party (if more than one opposite party).</div><div><br></div><div>Once you file a Complaint, the District Commission office will check your papers & has to let you know within 15 days about any error in the filing.</div><div><br></div><div>Once you correct the errors or in case there are no errors, within 21 days, the Commission has to Accept or Reject your case.</div><div><br></div><div>Once your case is accepted, further, within 21 days, notice will be sent to the opposite party by the Commission for their reply on your Complaint. The Opposing party has to either accept or reject the claim with justification in writing.</div><div><br></div><div>Additional 15 days can be granted to the opposite party for reply, but that too only in exceptional cases & circumstances.</div><div><br></div><div>Once the opposite party replies, the Commission will set the date for 1st hearing. On the date of first hearing. The Commission will listen to both the parties & proceed further.</div><div><br></div><div>If required, Commission might send Product to authorised laboratory for check of claim at the cost of Complainant. Laboratory has to submit the report within 45 days. Reports obtained from the laboratory will be sent to both the parties. If any party has objection to the contents of the report. The same should be filed with the Commission in writing.</div><div><br></div><div>After all these processes, the Commission will pass the final Order.</div><div><br></div><div>Now, a new twist (a new addition) in this new Consumer protection act, 2019 is availability of 'Mediation Facility' on the date of first hearing.</div><div><br></div><div>This means, the Commission will give an opportunity to both the parties to settle the claim mutually by accepting each other's demand. If both the parties arrive at consensus & agrees for mediation. The Commission will ask both the parties to file their consent for mediation in writing at the Commission's Office within 5 days of first hearing.</div><div><br></div><div>There is a separate process for Mediation. I will not go deep into that at the moment.</div><div><br></div><div>- If the mediation process is successful. Both the parties will sign the agreement. And the Commission will pass the final order accordingly.</div><div>- If any of the party partially agrees & partially disagrees with any of the terms of the Mediation agreement; Commission will lock the agreed terms and set the date for the hearing to discuss the remaining issue in a routine manner of proceedings.</div><div><br></div><div>This Mediation facility, similar to civil court proceedings, is said to be helpful in quickly settling the claim between parties. Because, no opposite party or Complainant would want to extend the matter unnecessarily when common consensus can be arrived right at the beginning.</div><div><br></div><div>As per new law, the Commission will no longer wait for the opposite party's presence during hearing. If opposite party fail to reply to the original notice sent by Commission within 21 days time limit, or don't reply or don't remain present during any of the date of hearing, then Commission will hear the matter ex-parte (without opposite party being present) and pass the final order based on the facts & merits of the case. This will help in avoiding unnecessary delay & adjournments.</div><div><br></div><div>Overall each court must try to close the case within 3 months of receipt of notice by the opposite party & 5 months in case of product testing by laboratory.</div><div><br></div><div>Final Order / finding by Commission will mostly consist of any one or more of following:</div><div>a) to remove the defect, discontinue unfair trade practices or services.</div><div>b) to replace the goods</div><div>c) to return the amount with interest</div><div>d) to pay compensation for any loss or Injury suffered to mind or body</div><div>And any other possible solution.</div><div><br></div><div>Consumer Court proceedings can not be called in question in any other court.</div><div><br></div><div>If any of the party is not satisfied with the order of the District Commission or State Commission or National Commission; He can approach the State Commission, National Commission, Supreme Court respectively within Specified time limit.</div><div><br></div><div>The Opposing party will have to deposit at least 50% of the amount ordered by the lower Commission before filing an appeal before the Upper Commission.</div><div><br></div><div>The State Commission will have supervisory power over the District Commission and similarly, the National Commission will have supervisory power over the State Commission.</div><div><br></div><div>During the proceeding, if any unfair or unlawful practice is observed/complained of or there is any major conflict of interest, then the Upper Court can transfer the case from one Office to another or from one Commission to another Or may intervene in the proceeding.</div><div><br></div><div>Apart from this, new acts also make provision for establishing a separate Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA). This will be an independent agency under the control of the Central Government & will look into Consumer Complaints & Suo-moto cases affecting mass Consumer interest. It will have its own Investigating wing. And it will be Investigating unfair trade practices affecting the mass population through its own Officers, district collectors & other regulators of respective industries.</div><div><br></div><div>New Act also gave birth to a separate "Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020". This will include rules & regulation for E-commerce market platforms & E-commerce sellers.</div><div><br></div><div>New act also covers very seriously the topic of misleading advertisements & endorsement by celebrities. As per new law, a particular celebrity can be banned temporarily/permanently from giving any kind of endorsement for a certain industry, if it finds any misleading claims & endorsement in the advertisement.</div><div><br></div><div>In short, overall a power packed Act for the benefit of the Consumers in India.</div><div><br></div><div>Let us utilise this law to raise voice against & to stop the unfair trade practices prevalent in the society.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>I hope this article will give you a basic idea of the new Consumer Protection Act, 2019. I have tried my best to simplify the language of law for common man's understanding. Kindly excuse me for any error, omission or for not converting the law language correctly. I am not a lawyer and this is my personal understanding of the law. Law is for everyone. Please read the disclaimer at the bottom of this blog post. I will keep on updating/editing this article based on your feedback.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>Read/Download here for more details:</div><div><br></div><div>The Consumer Protection Act, 2020 PDF:</div><div><br></div><div>https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/sites/default/files/CP%20Act%202019.pdf</div><div><br></div><div>Link to other related laws:</div><div><br></div><div>https://consumeraffairs.nic.in/acts-and-rules/consumer-protection</div><div><br></div><div>Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.livelaw.in/pdf_upload/pdf_upload-378739.pdf</div><div><br></div><div>Consumer Protection (Mediation) Regulations, 2020</div><div><br></div><div>Consumer Protection (Consumer Commission Procedure) Regulations, 2020</div><div><br></div><div>The Consumer Protection (Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions) Rules, 2020 & The Consumer Protection (General) Rules, 2020</div><div><br></div><div>District Court List:</div><div><br></div><div>http://ncdrc.nic.in</div><div><br></div><div>FAQs (Download the PDF file)</div><div>https://consumerhelpline.gov.in/ConsumerCourt.pdf</div><div><br></div><div>Other Sources of Information:</div><div><br></div><div>https://consumerhelpline.gov.in/</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.mondaq.com/india/dodd-frank-consumer-protection-act/971026/key-facets-of-the-consumer-protection-act-2019-and-e-commerce-rules</div><div><br></div><div>https://theleaflet.in/consumer-protection-act-fills-gaping-need-but-the-test-will-be-implementation/</div><div><br></div><div>https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/coronavirus/news/new-consumer-protection-act-comes-into-force-today/articleshow/77057585.cms</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.mondaq.com/india/dodd-frank-consumer-protection-act/969026/an-overview-of-the-changes-to-be-introduced-by-the-consumer-protection-act-2019</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.barandbench.com/columns/product-liability-under-the-consumer-protection-act-2019-let-the-manufacturer-seller-beware</div><div><br></div><div>**</div><div><br></div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div><br></div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Society. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for the latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-72145540283324321742020-07-24T02:24:00.001+05:302020-07-24T02:27:26.624+05:30Police Arrest? Without warrant? How long can they keep you in initial custody in India? What is the procedure after arrest in India?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div>***</div><div>
<p dir="ltr">Read Section 56 & 57 of<br>
"THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973" to understand better.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Section 56: Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station </p>
<p dir="ltr">A police officer making an arrest without warrant shall, without unnecessary delay and subject to the provisions herein contained as to bail, take or send the person arrested before a Magistrate having jurisdiction in the case, or before the officer in charge of a police station </p>
<p dir="ltr">Section 57: Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours </p>
<p dir="ltr">No police officer shall detain in custody a person arrested without warrant for a longer period than under all the circumstances of the case is reasonable, and such period shall not, in the absence of a special order of a Magistrate under section 167, exceed twenty-four hours exclusive <br>
of the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Magistrate's Court.</p>
<p dir="ltr">***</p>
<p dir="ltr">There are two types of offences:</p>
<p dir="ltr">- Non-cognizable (Simple offence) (Mostly offence with less than 3 years of imprisonment) (Police can not arrest you without warrant of the magistrate)</p>
<p dir="ltr">- Cognizable (Serious offence) (mostly offence above 3 years of imprisonment) (Police can arrest you without warrant of the magistrate)</p>
<p dir="ltr">There are two sub-types of Cognizable Offences:<br>
- Bailable (simple but Cognizable offence) (offence with less than 7 years imprisonment)<br>
- Non-Bailable (serious offence) (offence with more than 7 years imprisonment)</p>
<p dir="ltr">If you have been arrested without warrent & taken to the police station for offences which are 'Bailable'. After your relative/friends or lawyer complete Bail Bond Formalities, Senior Police Inspector can release you at the Police Station itself. Also called as 'Station Bail' (subject to terms & conditions mentioned in the bail bond). Friends/Relatives signing bail bond for you are also known as 'Surities'.</p>
<p dir="ltr">If this Station Bail process can not be completed at the Police Station or Police officer do not give you bail at the Police station, the Bail application needs to be made to the district magistrate (where you will be taken within 24 hours of your arrest). Here, magistrate can not deny you a bail if it is a Bailable offence. Bail is an absolute right in case of Bailable offences and It can not be denied.</p>
<p dir="ltr">In case you have been arrested for 'Non-Bailable' (serious offences). Then, only district magistrate can take a call about your Bail; depending on the seriousness of the crime & initial information put forward to the magistrate by the Investigating officer.</p>
<p dir="ltr">If the nature of crime in Non-bailable case is very serious & if the investigating officer demands your custodial introgation, then, magistrate may send you for upto 15 days Police Custody.</p>
<p dir="ltr">After 15 days 'Police custody', if required, Investigating Police officer has to seek your 'Judicial Custody' from the magistrate (Prisoner in Trial).</p>
<p dir="ltr">In totality, before filing Chargesheet by Investigating officer your term in Jail ordered by magistrate (Police + Judicial Custody) can not exceed:<br>
- 60 days (for offence which punishes with upto 10 years of Jail)<br>
- 90 days (for offence which punishes with 10 to 14 years in jail)<br>
- 180 days for UAPA, NDPS, etc Crimes (Terrorism related crimes) (for offence which punishes with life imprisonment or death)</p>
<p dir="ltr">If Investigating officer fails to file chargesheet within above number of days of your Jail term. Then, you will be eligible for 'Default Bail'.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But if Police officer files the chargesheet before that, then, after study of Chargesheet and depending upon the nature of crime, charges, information, witness, etc. Magistrate takes a call about your Bail.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Once Bail is given to you. You will be called in the court directly when the Trial starts. (Subject to terms & conditions of the Bail Bond).</p>
<p dir="ltr">I Hope this will give you basic idea about the arrest process. 🙏</p>
<p dir="ltr">For more details Read/Download PDF (226 pages)<br>
THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973:</p>
<p dir="ltr">https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1974-02.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjpmaTyhOTqAhXCR30KHclnA4MQFjAZegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw3LRC4k_lUXFf6ocJEf5KCt</p>
<p dir="ltr">CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENCES (THE FIRST SCHEDULE ) (Bailable & Non-bailable offence List)<br>
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://districts.ecourts.gov.in/sites/default/files/classification.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiE7JzFneTqAhXYWisKHQvFDuUQFjACegQIARAB&usg=AOvVaw0k14N_W2E3w9JWgOvUB8Ay&cshid=1595536871904</p>
<p dir="ltr">***<br>
Disclaimer:</p>
<p dir="ltr">These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Sociey. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</p></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-58838911228267142032020-07-22T17:29:00.001+05:302020-07-22T17:29:48.487+05:30Know this regulation governing the service standards offered by DTH operators like Tata Sky, Dish TV, Airtel TV, Cable operators, etc. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><div><br></div><div><div>From 1/4/2019, TRAI has implemented following regulation:</div><div><br></div><div>"Telecommunication (Broadcasting and Cable) Services Standards of Quality of Service and </div><div>Consumer Protection (Addressable Systems) Regulations, 2017"</div><div><br></div><div>Not following above regulation by your DTH operator is violation of law.</div><div><br></div><div>Know this regulation governing the service standards offered by DTH operators like Tata Sky, Dish TV, Airtel TV, Cable operators, etc. </div><div><br></div><div>For example: </div><div>As per sec 5(1): No distributor of television channels or its linked local cable operator, as the case may be, shall, without receiving a request from a subscriber, make any change in the services subscribed by </div><div>that subscriber.</div><div><br></div><div>Section 19 & 22 talks about timeline for sending invoice and format of it.</div><div><br></div><div>Section (10), Sec (11) & Sec (17) talks about price protection for channel packages when advance payment has been made.</div><div><br></div><div>Also many more rules & minimum standards in it to ensure DTH & Cable operator provide quality services to you.</div><div><br></div><div>Download PDF here:</div><div>https://trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/QOS_Regulation_03_03_2017.pdf</div><div><br></div><div>For more details visit:</div><div>https://trai.gov.in/release-publication/regulations/amendments-page/94215</div><div>Or</div><div>https://trai.gov.in/</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides. While we do our best to make sure these guides are helpful, we do not give any guarantee that they are accurate or appropriate to your situation, or take any responsibility for any loss their use might cause you. Do not rely on information provided here without seeking experienced legal advice first. If in doubt, please always consult a lawyer.</div></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-60648096701372161312020-07-15T01:37:00.001+05:302020-07-15T01:37:13.439+05:30If your Bank does not resolve your Complaint within 30 days, you can approach to RBI's Banking Ombudsman <div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><br></div><div>If your bank does not resolve your complaint within 30 days. </div><div><br></div><div>Approach RBI's Banking Ombudsman.</div><div><br></div><div>You can simply write your complaint </div><div>on a 'Plain paper'</div><div>or </div><div>Fill up a 'Form' available online on RBI's website </div><div>or </div><div>Send an 'Email'</div><div>to Banking Ombudsman's email address. </div><div><br></div><div>- It is a cost free & hassle free way to resolve your banking complaint.</div><div><br></div><div>- Banking Ombudsman is governed by 'Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2006' of RBI</div><div><br></div><div>- 'Clause 8' of this scheme (regulation) is very important. It covers various 'Grounds of Complaint' on which a complaint can be made. </div><div><br></div><div>- You can select one ground (topic) relevant to your complaint from this list of around 46 Grounds and mention the same in your Complaint letter.</div><div><br></div><div>- Ombudsman shall try to solve the complainant within 30 days from the date of receipt of the complainant by its Office [as per Clause 12 (1)]</div><div><br></div><div>- Compensation for any loss suffered by the complainant is limited to the amount arising directly out of the act or omission of the bank or ₹ 20 lakhs (₹ Two Million), whichever is lower [as per Clause 12 (5)].</div><div><br></div><div>- The Banking Ombudsman may award compensation not exceeding ₹ 1 lakh (₹ One Hundred Thousand) to the complainant for mental agony and harassment. The Banking Ombudsman will take into account the loss of the complainant's time, expenses incurred by the complainant, harassment and mental anguish suffered by the complainant while passing such award [as per Clause 12 (6)].</div><div><br></div><div>- The bank shall, unless it has preferred an appeal, has to comply with the decision of Banking Ombudsman within 30 days of receiving order from the banking Ombudsman [as per Clause 12 (9)].</div><div><br></div><div>- Any Person or Bank aggrieved (not satisfied) by the decision of the Banking Ombudsman can approach the 'Appellate Authority' of Banking Ombudsman within 30 days from the receipt of the order from Banking Ombudsman [as per Clause 14 (1)]. </div><div><br></div><div>- Ombudsman may reject a complaint if the complaint does not qualify due to any one of the Seven reasons (conditions) mentioned in Clause 13 [Clause 13: Rejection of Complaint].</div><div><br></div><div>- Please note that Banking Ombudsman Scheme is for 'deficiency in Service' or 'Unfair trade practices' by a 'Bank'.</div><div><br></div><div>- There is one similar scheme named 'Ombudsman Scheme for Digital Transactions (OSDT)'</div><div>which handles Complaint in regards to non-banking 'System Participants' like GooglePay, PayTM, PhonePay, etc. It handles Complaint regarding digital transactions conducted through non-bank entities regulated by RBI. </div><div><br></div><div>Visit RBI's website for more details.</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div><br></div><div>For further details on Banking Ombudsman or complaint-form please visit bankingombudsman.rbi.org.in</div><div><br></div><div>Online Complaint form:</div><div>https://cms.rbi.org.in/cms/IndexPage.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/cms/cms/indexpage.aspx</div><div><br></div><div>FAQs on Banking Ombudsman:</div><div>https://m.rbi.org.in//Scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=24</div><div><br></div><div>Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2006 (As amended upto July 1, 2017)[26 pages]:</div><div>https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/Content/PDFs/BOS2006_2302017.pdf</div><div><br></div><div>Email & Postal Addresses of Banking Ombudsmen:</div><div>https://m.rbi.org.in/commonman/English/Scripts/AgainstBankABO.aspx</div><div><br></div><div>Various Complaint departments of RBI:</div><div>https://m.rbi.org.in/Scripts/Complaints.aspx</div><div><br></div><div>Know The Law India:</div><div>https://www.facebook.com/KnowTheLawIndia</div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Sociey. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-58828971502829315312020-07-11T15:37:00.001+05:302020-07-11T15:37:02.183+05:30Delay in settlement of your #mediclaim by health insurance company? Know your rights.<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Delay in settlement of your #mediclaim by health insurance company? </div><div>Know your rights.</div><div><br></div><div>As per Section 16 of "Protection of Policyholders' Interest Regulations, 2017",</div><div><br></div><div>Every Health Insurance Company is required to initiate & complete the investigation (Process the claim papers) within '30 days' </div><div>and </div><div>settle the claim (full/partial) within '45 days' from the receipt of last necessary documents from Customer (hospital bills & other reports/certificates). </div><div><br></div><div>In case of delay beyond stipulated '45 days' the Insurance Company shall be liable to pay interest at a rate of 2% above the bank rate from the date of receipt of last necessary document to the date of payment of claim.</div><div><br></div><div>Make sure to mention this in your Complaint letter when you Complaint to grievances cell of your insurance company in case of delay.</div><div><br></div><div>Insurance Ombudsman:</div><div><br></div><div>If your Insurance Company does not solve your complaint within 30 days.</div><div><br></div><div>- You can complaint to 'Insurance Ombudsman' by writing a simple complaint on Plain paper. </div><div>- No fees / charges are required to be paid. </div><div>- Insurance Ombudsman will act as a mediator.</div><div>- The award/order of Insurance Ombudsman shall be binding on the Insurance Company. </div><div>- The Insurance Company shall comply with the Order/Award within 30 days from the date of receipt of the Order/Award and intimate of its compliance to the Insurance Ombudsman</div><div>(As per Insurance Ombudsman Rules, 2017)</div><div><br></div><div>Read here complete Insurance Ombudsman Process:</div><div>https://www.policyholder.gov.in/Ombudsman.aspx</div><div><br></div><div>FAQs on Insurance Ombudsman Process (one page):</div><div>https://www.irdai.gov.in/ADMINCMS/cms/whatsNew_Layout.aspx?page=PageNo3157&flag=1</div><div><br></div><div>Download PDF (12 pages) of </div><div>"Protection of Policyholders' Interest Regulations, 2017":</div><div>https://www.policyholder.gov.in/uploads/CEDocuments/PPHI.pdf</div><div><br></div><div>Other Laws governing General Insurance Industry:</div><div>-The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act, 1999</div><div>- The Insurance Rules, 1939</div><div><br></div><div>Like us on Facebook:</div><div>https://www.facebook.com/KnowTheLawIndia<br></div><div><br></div><div>***</div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer. These articles are provided freely as general guides for legal awareness in the Sociey. Laws are updated/amended regularly by concerned authorities. Please check for latest & updated laws with your legal advisor.</div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-1971121113473934892020-06-12T23:53:00.001+05:302020-06-12T23:53:49.795+05:308 years Moratorium Period in General and Health Insurance<div>8 years Moratorium Period in General and Health Insurance</div><div><br></div><div>Once you have paid premiums for a health insurance policy for eight years continuously, your insurer will have to pay all claims as per the policy limits from April 1, 2021 onwards</div><div><br></div><div>After the expiry of the eight-year moratorium period no health insurance claim can be contested. The exceptions are proven fraud and permanent exclusions specified in the policy contract.</div><div><br></div><div>After completion of eight continuous years under the policy no look back to be applied. This period of eight years is called as moratorium period. The moratorium would be applicable for the sums insured of the first policy and subsequently completion of 8 continuous years would be applicable from date of enhancement of sums insured only on the enhanced limits. After the expiry of Moratorium Period no health insurance policy shall be contestable except for proven fraud and permanent exclusions specified in the policy contract. The policies would however be subject to all limits, sub limits, co-payments, deductibles as per the policy. The moratorium period is applicable for health insurance policies issued by General and Health Insurers.</div><div><br></div><div>Source: </div><div><br></div><div>Guidelines on Standardization of Exclusions in Health Insurance Contracts:</div><div>Ref. No:IRDAI/HLT/REG/CIR/177/09/2019</div><div>Chapter 6 (point 3)</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.irdai.gov.in/ADMINCMS/cms/whatsNew_Layout.aspx?page=PageNo3916&flag=1</div><div><br></div><div>https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/after-eight-year-moratorium-all-health-insurance-claims-to-be-paid-says-irdai-5393951.html</div><div><br></div><div>Protection of Policyholders' Interest Regulations, 2017</div><div><br></div><div>Insurance Ombudsman, Rules - 2017</div><div><br></div><div>Insurance Act, 1938</div><div><br></div><div>IRDAI Act 1999</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-37724451097559714522020-05-31T12:01:00.003+05:302020-07-22T04:05:14.882+05:30Law for Cooking Gas & LPG Cylinder Regulation in India: "The Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( Regulation of Supply and Distribution) Order, 2000" Know the Law India<div>Did you know?<br></div><div><br></div><div>Cooking gas or LPG cylinder at your home is governed by:</div><div><br></div><div>"The Liquefied Petroleum Gas ( Regulation of Supply and </div><div>Distribution) Order, 2000"</div><div><br></div><div>by MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS</div><div><br></div><div>If your distributor or supplier is violating any of the norms mentioned in above Order, you can complaint to higher authorities.</div><div><br></div><div>For example: </div><div>Under Clause 9 (e):</div><div>No distributor shall, without prior written permission of the concerned Government Oil Company, refuse to make home delivery at the address of the consumer, as registered with the distributor;</div><div><br></div><div>Clause 9 (d):</div><div>No distributor shall sell LPG at a higher price than that fixed </div><div>by the Government Oil Company or the parallel marketer.</div><div><br></div><div><div>Prohibited Activities</div><div>(for Government Oil Companies)</div><div>SCHEDULE -1[ see clause 3 (4) ]:<br></div><div><br></div><div>1. Forced sale of Stove / Hotplates to the consumers.</div><div>2. Recovery of unauthorised charges from applicant at the time of registration / release of new </div><div>connection.</div><div>3. Supply of partially used cylinder / pilfering product from cylinder / cylinders with pilfered product </div><div>to LPG consumer.</div><div>4. Unauthorised and/ or out of turn release of new LPG connections.</div><div>5. Unauthorised diversion of domestic cylinder for non-domestic use of LPG.</div><div>6. Acceptance of fake documents including Termination Vouchers and Transfer Termination</div><div>Vouchers.</div><div>7. Possession of spurious LPG equipment.</div><div>8. Induction of spurious LPG equipment and / or replacement by a spurious equipment.</div><div>9. Manipulation of mandatory records.</div><div>10. Non-home delivery of LPG refill supplies to consumer and / or not giving rebate on non-home </div><div>delivery to LPG consumer.</div><div>11. Overcharging by distributor on LPG refill supplies, installation charges, mechanic charges and/ </div><div>or any other charges authorised by the Government Oil Company.</div><div>12. Refusal to register requests for new connection and / or double bottle connection.</div></div><div><br></div><div>Some of the other key sections of the Order are as follows:</div><div><br></div><div>1. Short title and commencement. </div><div>2. Definitions</div><div>3. Restriction on unauthorized possession, supply and consumption of liquefied </div><div>petroleum gas</div><div>4. Restriction on storage and transport of liquefied petroleum gas </div><div>5. Restriction on sale or distribution of liquefied petroleum gas below or in excess of the </div><div>standard weight.</div><div>6. Prohibition on carrying unauthorized business of selling LPG</div><div>7. Possession, supply or sale of liquefied petroleum gas equipments.</div><div>8. Display of stock and price of liquefied petroleum gas</div><div>9. Procurement, storage and sale of liquefied petroleum gas by a distributor</div><div>10. Maintenance of register, account books by a distributor.</div><div>11. Assessment and Certification Rating of parallel marketers.</div><div>12. Maintenance of records and furnishing of information by parallel marketer,</div><div>13: Power of entry, search and seizure.</div><div>14: Overriding effect of the Order.</div><div>15. Power to exempt.</div><div>16. Repeal and savings </div><div><br></div><div>Download here:</div><div>LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (REGULATION OF SUPPLY AND DISTRUBUTION) ORDER 2000<br></div><div><br></div><div>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://jklm.nic.in/pdf/LPG_regulation_of_distribution.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiQvK6grt_qAhUEg-YKHV1dDaoQFjABegQIDBAH&usg=AOvVaw3uGHo0kr7ToUFRpettPM1q&cshid=1595369461372<br></div><div><br></div><div>Disclaimer:</div><div><br></div><div>These guides are not legal advice, nor a substitute for a lawyer, These articles are provided freely as general guides. While we do our best to make sure these guides are helpful, we do not give any guarantee that they are accurate or appropriate to your situation, or take any responsibility for any loss their use might cause you. Do not rely on information provided here without seeking experienced legal advice first. If in doubt, please always consult a lawyer.</div><div><br></div><div>Know The Law India Facebook Page:</div><div>https://www.facebook.com/KnowTheLawIndia<br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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</div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02464840016593154185noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-27656842389657971562013-11-09T17:37:00.001+05:302013-11-09T18:19:19.703+05:30Online Survey tools : Collect Survey Online for Free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZlgfCy8c4T-VAmETA1mhrMNAbOWEdT2Kv955BqEm6kImw6j-ny7c3jbsrYBrsDG_GvngPmC1f_oy076fqIvh-TpADOChs0OAuJBBPqkB00q8Cabewu-CdJj4Rrz9CRuh2hK6WKP_VaYY/s1600/Collect+Survey+Online+for+free1.png.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZlgfCy8c4T-VAmETA1mhrMNAbOWEdT2Kv955BqEm6kImw6j-ny7c3jbsrYBrsDG_GvngPmC1f_oy076fqIvh-TpADOChs0OAuJBBPqkB00q8Cabewu-CdJj4Rrz9CRuh2hK6WKP_VaYY/s320/Collect+Survey+Online+for+free1.png.jpg" width="280" /></a></div>
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Hey Guys ! Once again I come across a very nice website<b>
https://www.surveymonkey.com</b> . It is a very popular website for collecting
Surveys Online. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Here, you can create your own <b>online Questionnaire</b> very
easily & quickly with the help of readymade questionnaire Design tool.
Also, very easy methods are available for <b>online distribution and sharing</b> of
your Questionnaire. Over and above this, website also provides you powerful
<b>Analytical tools</b> for analyzing the answers. Do go through one short video at
the end of this blog on how this tool works</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwcVAIenyJVaP-snKrDsqGoImHItLCvZdXK7DKras3l7Ghd_aiQuJawEptp2wlAwuk3AE_THkhJ9R2dQAWrr6jSJ0NaYVk2iMP904fYk3Hw54ueQ0s-9VlqWGfok8trGzELTGu6rshWIw/s1600/SurveyMonkeyLogo+kartikgala.blogspot.in.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="40" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwcVAIenyJVaP-snKrDsqGoImHItLCvZdXK7DKras3l7Ghd_aiQuJawEptp2wlAwuk3AE_THkhJ9R2dQAWrr6jSJ0NaYVk2iMP904fYk3Hw54ueQ0s-9VlqWGfok8trGzELTGu6rshWIw/s320/SurveyMonkeyLogo+kartikgala.blogspot.in.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Good thing about this website is that it provides very <b>user
friendly</b> easy-to-create questionnaire <b>Design tool</b>. You need not be master of
any Market Research subject. You need not remember various types of
questionnaire. This Design tool will make your life very easy.</div>
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On this website, you have number of options to collect your answers online i.e.
through sharing separate Link, Email, Website embedding and through Facebook.</div>
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Execute all this in three simple steps;</div>
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<b>Step 1 : Design Survey</b></h2>
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Step 2 : Collect Responses</h2>
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Step 3 : Analyze Results</h2>
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Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10440149159870344466noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-89286615040067323082013-05-06T18:28:00.001+05:302013-07-16T18:49:13.759+05:30Set up Online Retail Business: Learn How to Collect Payment Online<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK1Fr_9LxIgXVR35EDyMk9-Ozl2f4YzBBvp_d7vtHIyavs08hpxRuKhI8hBfuXLW246Np0D41YkDoskg1QHKbfZM64lqQZsiIGNmX-ZlpeeXcYTJ7vbzyI8Bl72-uXu6nGx347dIxnaY0/s320/dreamstimefree_7806034.jpg" width="320" /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Did you ever Dreamed of Starting your own Retail Store in India? Did you ever dreamed of moving out of your current boring job and starting your own Retail business instead? Did you ever think of running your own business from home? I am sure that after making all the cost calculations, you must have burned those Business Plan Documents and cancelled the plan of dreaming anything like that in future. Am I right? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Given the very high cost of real estate, human resource, inventory and stringent local rules, regulations & taxation; thinking of retail in India is really a nightmare. No wonder why India ranks 132<sup>nd</sup> on the ease of doing business^1. And after making all these efforts how much customers can you expect per day, 10? 15? 20? Are these numbers enough to cover your big real-estate cost?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">What if, I tell you that you can open your retail store on the Internet with less than 1/10<sup>th</sup> of the cost of your physical retail store? What if, I tell you that you can open your store without having a single inventory in your warehouse? What if, I tell you that you can run your retail business from home? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>ONLINE BUSINESS</b> is the answer to all your problems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">More than Rs.46,000/- crores is the size of E-commerce market in India^2. With more than 130 million Internet users, India is ranked 3<sup>rd</sup> in the country wise total number of internet users. Not only that, this number is growing at the average rate of around 25%. ^3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<v:shape alt="Visa_master_amex_logo-full.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_s1031" style="height: 47.8pt; margin-left: 4.7pt; margin-top: 497pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 64.55pt; z-index: 4;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata cropleft="48622f" cropright="206f" o:title="Visa_master_amex_logo-full" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg"> <w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"> </w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape alt="Visa_master_amex_logo-full.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_s1030" style="height: 48.85pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-top: 560.4pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 66.2pt; z-index: 5;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata cropleft="32420f" cropright="16206f" o:title="Visa_master_amex_logo-full" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg"> <w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"> </w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><v:shape alt="Visa_master_amex_logo-full.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 45.65pt; margin-left: 7.9pt; margin-top: 627.55pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 62.8pt; z-index: 6;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata cropleft="16614f" cropright="32421f" croptop="1855f" o:title="Visa_master_amex_logo-full" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg"> <w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"> </w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Now, you will say that, I have read many articles about online retail business opportunities so I know better than you hence just cut the crap and come to the point and tell me “How can I collect payment online? How can I manage payments coming from various bank accounts? How can I manage payments comings from various instruments such as Credit card, Debit card, Cash Cards? Do I need to tie-up with each and every individual bank/institution? How can I tie-up with so many banks in India? Who will take responsibility of security of complete transaction? Who will ensure that the payments are properly credited to my accounts? What if, my customer doesn’t have Credit cards? What if, my customer doesn’t have account with particular bank? And How will I manage fluctuating different currency in different country?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i>Is there any single solution to all these questions?</i></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Answer is <b>Yes</b>. ‘<b>Online Payment Gateway</b>’ is the solution to all your questions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> ‘Online Payment Gateway’</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> is the <b>Third Party Collector</b> for your website. If you have a website and if you want to sale your goods online through online order booking & payment collection method, then there are professional companies who do all the payment collection activities for all types of Credit Card, Debit Card, Net Banking, Cash Card and Mobile Payment transaction validation for you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><b>What is Payment Gateway?</b></i></span> <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<v:shape alt="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibgTl7kwcDK_BpITdrDVHQgPpCnNW2jVMpiO6bCZDkwzmOJZ14v1CntH_MmK06lKKEsM25Rxg-7dEn5jZqbWXLckyfuSUemZs1g2p8gJPm39k9JnRm0G2VE6Y_IUv0BJyjZRtjQXe3ucs/s200/9125money_transfer.jpg" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibgTl7kwcDK_BpITdrDVHQgPpCnNW2jVMpiO6bCZDkwzmOJZ14v1CntH_MmK06lKKEsM25Rxg-7dEn5jZqbWXLckyfuSUemZs1g2p8gJPm39k9JnRm0G2VE6Y_IUv0BJyjZRtjQXe3ucs/s1600/9125money_transfer.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_7" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 94.55pt; margin-left: .95pt; margin-top: 233.7pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 149.95pt; z-index: 1;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t"> <v:imagedata o:title="9125money_transfer" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg"> <w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"> </w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A Payment Gateway is a software program integrated to a Merchant's (Seller’s) website by Third Party Collector i.e. Payment Gateway provider (Say for example by XYZ Ltd.) to transmit transaction data for authorization and settlement. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When customer places an order online, and goes further to make payment, this Payment Gateway software will ask and collect customer’s bank account details from the customer and securely transmits this transaction data to Third Party Collector (XYZ Ltd.) for authorization and settlement. Third Party Collector’s system further securely transmit payment data such as customer’s bank account & password details to customer’s bank/institution’s system for Validity, Authorization and Settlement. After the confirmation from customer’s Bank/Institution’s online system, the transaction is Approved and the amount is credited to your (Seller’s) account*. Generally this process gets complete in 15-20 seconds.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">With the help of this software system and service, Merchant (Seller) gain the ability to perform real-time Credit Card authorizations from a web site over the Internet.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hence you need not remain present at the time of transaction. This company and its software system (in your website) will handle complete transaction on your behalf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i>What does this Payment collecting companies (Third Party Collector) do?</i></b></div>
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<v:shape alt="dreamstimefree_186042.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 96.15pt; margin-left: 320.1pt; margin-top: 623.8pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 144.1pt; z-index: 3;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="dreamstimefree_186042" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.jpg"> <w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"> </w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These companies are link between you and your customer. These Companies provide complete, simple and secure online Payment Gateway service and e-business solutions, with real time Credit Card, Debit Card, Net Banking, Cash Card and Mobile Payment transaction validation. This enables your website to transact and accept payments online and in real time. Generally they accept payments from all major Credit/Debit cards, Cash cards, Net banking, and now a day, even payment through mobile phones. So even if your customer doesn’t have Credit card, he has many other options available for the payment. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So now, you just need to sit back and these companies and their software system will handle the complete transaction for you. You do not have to go to every bank/institution for payment validation. Online Payment Gateway provider’s online system will do the same for you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Quiet interesting, Right?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So now the question that comes to your mind is ‘What about the Cost, buddy?’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><i>How do these Payment Gateway providers charge?</i></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For their service, ‘Third Party Collector’ companies take Service Charge [often referred as Transaction Discount Rate (TDR)], which is a fixed percentage of your Sales amount depending on the instrument used. Hence for example, if you sale goods worth Rs.1,000/-. You need to pay fixed pre-decided percentage (say for example 2% for credit card and 5% for Debit card) to this company. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here, this Third Party Collector company (XYZ Ltd.) will collect Rs.1,000/- from your customer on your behalf and remit you the sales amount after deducting his commission. So in our case, he will transfer Rs.1,000 less Rs.20/- [2% x Rs.1,000/- (assuming he pays through Credit card)] i.e. Rs.980/- in your account with XYZ Ltd..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rate and other charges differ from company to company depending on their various available subscription plans.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here is one example of Subscription Plans available for setting such system/facility with company XYZ Ltd (Third Party Collector). This will give you a basic idea of how it is calculated/charged.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">XYZ Ltd. (Third Party Collector)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plan A<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plan B<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Plan C<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Set-up fees [onetime, non refundable]<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Nil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rs.25,000/-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Rs.40,000/-<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td> <td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 407.25pt;" valign="top" width="543"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Transaction Discount Rate (TDR)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 33.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 33.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MasterCard / Visa / Diners Club<br />
Credit Cards<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.5% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.5% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 135.75pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.5% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 31.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Debit Card<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.25% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.25% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 31.5pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.25% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 33.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Net banking<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.5% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 33.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">American Express / JCB /<br />
Cash Cards<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.5% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 33.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.6% <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 42.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;"> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.S.U.C. ***<br />
(Annual Software Up gradation Charges)<br />
(Applicable on 1st April, every year)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1200 <b>*</b><br />
(Waived for 1st Financial Year) <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2400 <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3600 <b>*</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 42.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;"> <td style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Payment through Phone<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">0.5% over and above the<br />
Credit/Debit/Cash Card TDR charges<br />
across all schemes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">0.5% over and above the<br />
Credit/Debit/Cash Card TDR charges<br />
across all schemes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> <td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">0.5% over and above the<br />
Credit/Debit/Cash Card TDR charges<br />
across all schemes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 42.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td colspan="4" style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 42.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">* Taxes as applicable will be levied extra on set up fees, ASUC and Transaction Discount Rate (TDR)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">If your business is new and not price competitive than you may start with Plan A, and as slowly business progresses you can upgrade your plans. Depending on the subscription plan chosen, you need to price your product as Transaction Discount Rate (TDR) will vary from Plan to Plan, and finally it will affect your profitability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoSubtitle">
<b><i>How payment system works in case of foreign transaction?</i></b> ^4</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<v:shape alt="dreamstimefree_220269.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 94pt; margin-left: 1.5pt; margin-top: 403.5pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: margin; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: margin; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 140.35pt; z-index: 7;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata o:title="dreamstimefree_220269" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg"> <w:wrap anchorx="margin" anchory="margin" type="square"> </w:wrap></v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Generally, you can mention the price of the product in other currency too but at the end of the day your Third Party Collector (XYZ Ltd.) will convert this amount to INR only. You need to check with your Third Party Collector on ‘How foreign currency amount is converted for billing the customer’, as Seller also has to comply with RBI rules, Duty draw back rules and other Income tax rules & regulations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">RBI insists that Merchants in India settle transactions in INR only and the respective banks give a foreign exchange inward remittance certificate (F.I.R.C.), which Third Party Collector (XYZ Ltd.) will provide you. This takes care of the Income Tax part of things, to enable you to claim exports benefits under section 80 HH of the Income Tax Act.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Third Party Collector (XYZ Ltd.) will issue you a FIRC (Foreign Inward Remittance Certificate) for all overseas transactions done. Generally, this will be issued on a quarterly basis. A small documentation fee may be levied depending on Third Party Collector’s policy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is how you can now easily run and manage your online business by leaving all your payment collection worries with these Payment Gateway service providers at nominal cost. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hope this article has given you the basic idea of Online Payment Gateway system and its benefits. Kindly let us know your views and comments on the same.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thank You.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Source
links:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">^1: </span> <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/India-ranks-132nd-in-ease-of-doing-biz-among-185-economiesWorld-Bank/articleshow/16929586.cms">http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/India-ranks-132nd-in-ease-of-doing-biz-among-185-economiesWorld-Bank/articleshow/16929586.cms</a></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
^2: <a href="http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=29971_E-commerce+market+may+cross+Rs+46000+crore+mark+in+2011:+IAMAI">http://www.afaqs.com/news/story.html?sid=29971_E-commerce+market+may+cross+Rs+46000+crore+mark+in+2011:+IAMAI</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
^3: <a href="http://www.iamai.in/">www.iamai.in</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
^4: <a href="http://www.ccavenue.com/">http://www.ccavenue.com/</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
* Payment crediting
process, time and terms vary from company to company depending on their Business
policy, Goods delivery term to final customer, Mode of payment, etc.</div>
</span></div>
</div>
Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10440149159870344466noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3662186997564067588.post-67317863829158840412013-02-21T18:07:00.000+05:302013-02-21T18:09:05.876+05:30Social, Digital and Mobile users in India - 2012<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
I came across another interesting presentation on Social, Digital and Mobile Statistics in India - Nov 2012.<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="356" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/15087062" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px;" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="427"> </iframe> <br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">
<strong> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/wearesocialsg/we-are-socials-guide-to-social-digital-and-mobile-in-india-2nd-edition-nov-2012" target="_blank" title="We Are Social’s Guide to Social, Digital and Mobile in India (2nd Edition, Nov 2012)">We Are Social’s Guide to Social, Digital and Mobile in India (2nd Edition, Nov 2012)</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/wearesocialsg" target="_blank">We Are Social Singapore</a></strong> </div>
<br />
<br />
Source: <a href="http://www.techinasia.com/india-social-web-users-facebook-stats-2012/">http://www.techinasia.com/india-social-web-users-facebook-stats-2012/</a></div>
Kartik Galahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10440149159870344466noreply@blogger.com1